Aspartame: The surprisingly fascinating science and historical past (Episode 116)

Time Stamps

• Historical past of synthetic sweeteners previous aspartame (9:43)
• The very sketchy approval course of for aspartame and subsequent media protection (1:02:35)
• Breaking down the World Well being Group’s determination to categorise aspartame as “presumably carcinogenic” (3:17:50)
• The fallout from the WHO’s classification (4:24:27)
• Closing ideas (5:22:04)

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Sources and Hyperlinks

Intro

• Greg’s advice: Issue meals
• Lyndsey’s suggestions: Sturdy Woman Membership stand-up collection and Casey Johnston’s publication “She’s a Beast”

WHO Reviews

• WHO: Aspartame hazard and danger evaluation outcomes launched
• The Lancet abstract: Carcinogenicity of aspartame, methyleugenol, and isoeugenol

Historical past of synthetic sweeteners previous aspartame

• Chemistry lesson for The Meals Babe… and everybody else #8: Aspirin | Workplace for Science and Society – McGill College
• Saccharin mechanistic knowledge and danger evaluation: urine composition, enhanced cell proliferation, and tumor promotion

The very sketchy approval course of for aspartame

• HRD-87-46 Meals and Drug Administration: Meals Additive Approval Course of Adopted for Aspartame
• The Lowdown on Candy? – The New York Occasions
• Most cancers Threat or No, Weight loss program Soda Is Dangerous For You – The Washington Publish
• Aspartame controversy – Wikipedia
• FDA Assertion on Asparatame
• The Historical past of Aspartame

Media protection and public response

Nancy Markle conspiracy

• Is Aspartame Accountable for ‘An Epidemic of A number of Sclerosis and Lupus’? – Snopes.com
• Falsifications and details about aspartame
• Aspartame controversy – Wikipedia
• The Many years-Lengthy Battle to Determine Out Whether or not Aspartame Is Dangerous for You – Smithsonian Journal

Media protection within the 80s:

• Judging the security of aspartame in comfortable drinks – The New York Occasions
• Allergy to Aspartame – The New York Occasions
• US Rejects Nutrasweet Ban – The New York Occasions
• FDA Dealing with of Analysis On NutraSweet Is Defended – The New York Occasions
• Nutrasweet’s Bitter Struggle

Media protection within the 90s:

• Whales within the Minnesota River – The New York Occasions

Media protection within the 2000s:

Greg’s breakdown of Rammazini research

• NTP Genetically Modified Mannequin Report on the Toxicology Research of Aspartame (CASRN 22839-47-0) in Genetically Modified (FVB Tg.AC Hemizygous) and B6.129-Cdkn2atm1Rdp (N2) Poor Mice and Carcinogenicity Research of Aspartame in Genetically Modified [B6.129-Trp53tm1Brd (N5) Haploinsufficient] Mice (Feed Research) – NCBI Bookshelf
• Systematic evaluate and analysis of aspartame carcinogenicity bioassays utilizing high quality standards – ScienceDirect
• Carcinogenicity – an summary | ScienceDirect Subjects

Again to media protection

• Threat Communication, Media Amplification and the Aspartame Scare
• The Lowdown on Candy? – The New York Occasions
• Research Finds No Most cancers Hyperlink to Sweetener – The New York Occasions
• Sweeteners: Actual Assist or Excuse to Indulge? – The New York Occasions
• A New Sugar Substitute Joins a Road Struggle – The New York Occasions

Media protection within the 2010s:

• Pepsi Drops Aspartame From Weight loss program Pepsi Varieties – The New York Occasions
• Why Pepsi’s determination to ditch aspartame is not good for soda—or science – The Washington Publish
• The Proof Helps Synthetic Sweeteners Over Sugar – The New York Occasions
• Taking Questions: Synthetic Sweeteners – The New York Occasions
• Demise by Weight loss program Soda? – The New York Occasions

Media protection within the 2020s to date:

• I Was Powerless Over Weight loss program Coke – The New York Occasions
• World Well being Group Warns Towards Utilizing Synthetic Sweeteners – The New York Occasions

NutriNet-Santé examine

• Synthetic sweeteners and most cancers danger: Outcomes from the NutriNet-Santé population-based cohort examine | PLoS Drugs
• Is every little thing we eat related to most cancers? A scientific cookbook evaluate

Media protection mentioning NutriNet-Santé

• Aspartame Is a Attainable Reason behind Most cancers in People, a WHO Company Says
• Do you have to kick your Weight loss program Coke behavior? As a public well being professional, I am not too nervous Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz | The Guardian
• Synthetic sweeteners linked with a 13% larger danger of most cancers

Current WHO studies

• WHO: Aspartame hazard and danger evaluation outcomes launched
• The Lancet abstract: Carcinogenicity of aspartame, methyleugenol, and isoeugenol

Organic plausibility:

• Analysis of protein and amino acid consumption estimates from the EPIC dietary questionnaires and 24-h dietary recollects utilizing completely different meals composition databases – Vitamin, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Illnesses
• Estimates of Non-Alcoholic Meals-Derived Ethanol and Methanol Publicity in People
• Organic destiny of low-calorie sweeteners | Vitamin Critiques | Oxford Tutorial

Nationwide Toxicology Program mouse research

• NTP Genetically Modified Mannequin Report on the Toxicology Research of Aspartame (CASRN 22839-47-0) in Genetically Modified (FVB Tg.AC Hemizygous) and B6.129-Cdkn2atm1Rdp (N2) Poor Mice and Carcinogenicity Research of Aspartame in Genetically Modified [B6.129-Trp53tm1Brd (N5) Haploinsufficient] Mice (Feed Research) – NCBI Bookshelf

The three research from the WHO report

• Stepien: Consumption of soppy drinks and juices and danger of liver and biliary tract cancers in a European cohort
• Jones: Sweetened beverage consumption and danger of liver most cancers by diabetes standing: A pooled evaluation
• McCullough: Sugar- and Artificially-Sweetened Drinks and Most cancers Mortality in a Massive US Potential Cohort

Decoding epidemiology analysis

• Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma – PMC
• Residual confounding: Affect of Residual and Unmeasured Confounding in Epidemiologic Research: A Simulation Research

The fallout from the WHO’s classification

From the NY Occasions

• Aspartame is Presumably Linked to Most cancers in People, the WHO Says – The New York Occasions
• Regardless of Aspartame Warning, Beverage Corporations More likely to Stick With It – The New York Occasions

How did different shops do?

To report on this pretty, I believe it is necessary to – at the least – carry up the completely different ranges of classifications for some context, so that is the marker I used to type issues.

Articles that did:

• Unique: WHO’s most cancers analysis company to say aspartame sweetener a attainable carcinogen – Reuters
• WHO most cancers arm deems aspartame ‘attainable carcinogen’; consumption limits unchanged – Reuters
• Aspartame: What else is ‘presumably carcinogenic’? – BBC Future
• You do not have to freak out about aspartame in your weight loss plan soda – The Verge
• Do you have to kick your Weight loss program Coke behavior? As a public well being professional, I am not too nervous – The Guardian

Articles that didn’t carry up classifications and – subsequently – I believe might doubtlessly be a bit deceptive:

• The WHO declared aspartame “presumably” causes most cancers. Here is what meaning. – Vox
• Aspartame sweetener, a weight loss plan drink mainstay, is below scrutiny from WHO – The Washington Publish
• Most cancers Threat or No, Weight loss program Soda Is Dangerous For You – The Washington Publish
• What merchandise include aspartame? Here is an inventory of common meals, drinks with sweeteners. – CBS Information
• WHO to Announce Synthetic Sweetener Aspartame Might Trigger Most cancers

Response to crimson meat information in 2015: Processed meats rank alongside smoking as most cancers causes – WHO | Most cancers | The Guardian

Closing ideas

• Being Alive Is Dangerous for Your Well being – The Atlantic

Different Stronger By Science content material on synthetic sweeteners

• Dialogue of NutriNet-Santé examine on the podcast (Episode 81)
• Affect of synthetic sweeteners on intestine well being – dialogue with Dr. Gabrielle Fundaro on the podcast (Episode 40)
• Dialogue of synthetic sweeteners and danger of stroke and dementia on the podcast (Episode 36)
• Analysis roundup about synthetic sweeteners on the podcast (Episode 35)
• Analysis Highlight: Stevia and starvation
• Analysis Highlight: Stevia’s impact on urge for food and caloric consumption
• Visitor article by Tanner Baze: An Unbiased Look At Synthetic Sweeteners

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